Spinach yield and quality response to elevated soil carbon dioxide.

Front Plant Sci · 2025 · PMC12631629 · PMID 41281334

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a slightly increasing trendno p-value reported

Figure 3C shows that the maximum leaf width of G1500 displayed a slightly increasing trend, indicating that the high concentration of CO 2 in the soil had a strong inhibitory effect on leaf expansion.

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highly significantno p-value reported

The leaf area of G1500 decreased by 92.76% compared with CK, indicating a highly significant difference and suggesting that CO 2 leakage severely impaired spinach leaf growth.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.