Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is associated with increased mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

By using stage 1 as a reference, an increasing trend in all-cause mortality is shown in patients with higher stages (stage 2: aHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.17–2.07, P = 0.003; stages 3–4: aHR 2.69, 95% CI 1.92–3.76, P < 0.001), as well as for cardiovascular mortality during a follow-up of 50,895.4 person-years.

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