Integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis reveals dynamic changes of microbiota and metabolic profile during fermentation of cigar tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) leaves.

Furthermore, most of the metabolites (14/22) produced from nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism ( Figure 6 ) showed an increasing trend in content during late-stage fermentation (T2, T3), further aligning with Liu et al.

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We observed a decreasing trend in total soluble sugars, starch, total nitrogen, and nicotine levels as fermentation progressed.

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