Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards e-cigarettes among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Front Public Health · 2025 · PMC12644065 · PMID 41306872

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an unexpected trendno p-value reported

However, across all employment categories, both government and non-government employees exhibited significantly lower odds of holding a positive attitude towards e-cigarettes compared to unemployed participants—an unexpected trend given their relatively higher knowledge levels.

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a positive trendno p-value reported

The Southern region displayed significantly higher odds of sufficient knowledge and a positive trend in practice, although there was no association with attitude.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.