Beyond ingroup favoritism: Investigating cross-national social preferences across 25 nations.

PNAS Nexus · 2025 · PMC12646330 · PMID 41306549

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0530

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0530

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally nonsignificantP = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The unexpected trade flow effect disappeared entirely, suggesting confounds, and the effect of institutional quality became marginally nonsignificant ( b = 1.28, P = 0.053).

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a nonsignificant trendno p-value reported

There is only a nonsignificant trend that richer countries tend to give more.

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