Interpreting fMRI Studies in Populations with Cerebrovascular Risk: The Use of a Subject-Specific Hemodynamic Response Function.

For example, correcting the task-related BOLD signal using cerebrovascular reactivity via a hypercapnic challenge altered the BOLD signal in three ways: (1) uncorrected age-related decreases in the MTL and lingual gyrus were no longer associated with age after correction, (2) uncorrected associations with age now showed significant increases with age in some regions like the left prefrontal cortex, and (3) uncorrected age-related increases in the right prefrontal cortex now revealed highly significant positive associations with age after correction ( Liu et al., 2013a ).

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