Inequality in the Distribution and Utilization of Healthcare Resources in Kazakhstan (2002-2023): A Spatiotemporal Analysis.

Int J Environ Res Public Health · 2025 · PMC12652948 · PMID 41302708

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an observed trendno p-value reported

The Mann–Kendall test is a non-parametric method used to detect monotonic trends in a time series without requiring data to follow a specific distribution and helps determine whether an observed trend is statistically significant or a result of random variation [ 28 ]. 3.

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