The Relationship of Need for Cognition and Typical Intellectual Engagement with Intelligence and Executive Functions: A Multi-Level Meta-Analysis.

J Intell · 2025 · PMC12653876 · PMID 41295423

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < .001actually significant

It yielded a highly significant overall effect of r = 0.18 ( p < .001, 95% CI [0.15, 0.20]).

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a trend towards significancep = .070so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Finally, there was a trend towards significance for risk of bias in the sample as a predictor of the effect ( b 1 = 0.027, β 1 = 0.03, p = .070, 95% CI [0.00, 0.06]).

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