Barely Significant
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Enhancing Computational Thinking and Programming Logic Skills with App Inventor 2 and Robotics: Effects on Learning Outcomes, Motivation, and Cognitive Load.

Sensors (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12655920 · PMID 41305265

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highly significantno p-value reported
However, the experimental group’s progress was highly significant, whereas the control group’s improvement was modest.

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a favorable trendno p-value reported
Other items, including “I feel a sense of accomplishment when I successfully complete the course activities” and “In this course, I enjoy challenging materials that allow me to learn new things” also exhibited a favorable trend for the experimental group.

also in 993 other papers

a positive trendno p-value reported
The findings suggest that integrating App Inventor 2 with robotic-arm operation significantly enhanced intrinsic motivation and demonstrated a positive trend in extrinsic motivation, thereby supporting further investigation into its broader impacts on learning processes, outcomes, creativity, engagement, and long-term academic development.

also in 6,774 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.