Butterworth Filtering at 500 Hz Optimizes PPG-Based Heart Rate Variability Analysis for Wearable Devices: A Comparative Study.

Sensors (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12656279 · PMID 41305298

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highly significantno p-value reported

From a clinical perspective, the statistical equivalence demonstrated between HRV parameters derived from PPG with a 500 Hz Butterworth filter and those from the reference ECG is highly significant [ 31 , 32 ].

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