Relationship between hemoglobin and red blood cell distribution width ratio and albuminuria in the United States adults aged 20 years and above: a cross-sectional analysis.

Existing studies found a significant negative relationship between RDW and renal function, and this association remained highly significant even after multivariable adjustment for comorbidities, iron deficiency, inflammation and nutritional status ( 21 ).

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Previous studies have shown that the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level of patients with smoking showed an increasing trend, which weakened the correlation between HRR and albuminuria ( 38 , 39 ).

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