The oncogenic role of human papillomavirus in breast cancer: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Front Microbiol · 2025 · PMC12660267 · PMID 41321828

Europe PMC DOI

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closest p · 1.0× alpha

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boldest claim

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borderline significancep = 0.05actually significant

For DCIS, we found statistically significant HPV associations in Europe (OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.46–10.14, p = 0.006) and borderline significance in Asia (OR = 3.29, p = 0.05).

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