Trends in age-standardized rates were assessed through Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC), where an EAPC with a 95% confidence interval lower bound exceeding 0 indicated an increasing trend, while a value below 0 suggested a decline ( 10 , 11 ).
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Global burden and future trends of gastric cancer in women of reproductive age: estimates from the GBD 2021 Study, 1990-2050.
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