highly significantp < 0.001
Linkage between sampling, data collection, and analysis methods Pearson’s chi-squared tests revealed highly significant associations between sampling strategies and data collection methods (χ 2 = 540.49, df = 220, p < 0.001), sampling strategies and data analysis methods (χ 2 = 198.87, df = 66, p < 0.001), as well as between data collection and data analysis methods (χ 2 = 386.26, df = 120, p < 0.001), indicating strong interdependencies among these methodological choices.