Genome-wide identification of the PLD gene family and its response to multiple abiotic stresses in soybean (Glycine max).

Under LN stress conditions, these genes show varying degrees of up-regulated expression, with GmPLDα1/2/3/4/5 , GmPLDβ1/2/3/4 , GmPLDδ2/4/6 , GmPLDε1 , GmPLDγ1 , GmPLDφ1/2 , and GmPLDζ2/3 demonstrating highly significant induced expression ( p < 0.001).

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Notably, the distribution of these optimal haplotypes across six geographical regions of China (I to VI) displayed distinct regional characteristics: GmPLDβ1 -Hap5 showed an increasing trend from the central-south (IV) to the north (I) region.

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