The causal links between long-term exposure to major chemical components of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and overall outpatient visits in mainland China: A nationwide study in the difference-in-differences framework.

J Adv Res · 2025 · PMC12684952 · PMID 40037429

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

During 2002–2016, annual outpatient visits exhibited spatial variations alongside an increasing trend, with Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin having the highest per capita outpatient visits, while Guizhou and Hunan showed the lowest values.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

The causal links between long-term exposure to major chemical components of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and overall outpatient visits in mainland China: A nationwide study in the difference-in-differences framework.

The sentences

The causal links between long-term exposure to major chemical components of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and overall outpatient visits in mainland China: A nationwide study in the difference-in-differences framework.