Performance Evolution and Degradation Mechanism of Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramic Cement Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles.

In contrast, the ion concentrations of Na + and Cl − show a decreasing trend.

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pH and Ion Concentration Analysis As shown in Figure 6 a, the pH value of the surrounding water and the results of Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) tests on the CBPC cement after water freeze–thaw cycling treatment indicate that with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles, the surface water pH value exhibits an increasing trend toward alkalinity.

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