Response of Nitrogen Cycling in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) Grassland Systems to Cropping Patterns and Nitrogen Application Rates: A Quantitative Analysis Based on Nitrogen Balance.

(3) Both N 2 O emission flux and cumulative emissions from the alfalfa pasture were highest under PM, followed by JM and FP, and showed an increasing trend with nitrogen application rate.

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At equivalent nitrogen application rates, nitrogen uptake in both leaves and stems followed the consistent pattern of PM > JM > FP, with a decreasing trend observed as crop rotation progressed.

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