highly significantP<0.01
A highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed between maize root morphology (length: r=0.959, 0.970, and 0.947; surface area: r=0.947, 0.956, and 0.980) and the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, GR), suggesting that root system development substantially enhances the maize enzymatic antioxidant capacity.