From exceptionalism to universal testing: an historical review of HIV testing in Portugal.

BMC Public Health · 2025 · PMC12706945 · PMID 41398580

Europe PMC DOI

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Globally, there is an increasing trend in the number of tests conducted in the post-pandemic period and, consequently, in the number of people who know their serological status [ 117 ].

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In Portugal, the number of new cases across different age groups has generally shown a decreasing trend over the past decade.

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Regarding self-tests however, there was a positive trend (1,225 tests in 2019; 3,107 tests in 2020; 3,801 tests in 2021 and 4,254 in 2022 [ 48 ].

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.