Sex- and estrous-specific effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation: neurobehavioral changes and hippocampal neuroinflammation.

Front Sleep · 2025 · PMC12713950 · PMID 41425171

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Estrous cycle stage did not significantly influence head dip frequency between control and PSD females, although there was an increasing trend among PSD rats in estrus ( Figures 1K, L ).

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

However, female PSD rats in estrus had a decreasing trend in locomotor activity compared to their corresponding control group ( Supplementary Figure S3D ).

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