Population-based epidemiological analysis of acute pyelonephritis and antibiotic prescription in Spain (2009-2018).

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12716755 · PMID 41417820

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

An increasing trend in cephalosporin use and a decreasing in quinolone use were observed. status released display-pdf yes is-olf no is-manuscript no is-preprint no is-journal-matter no is-scanned no is-retracted no Received 2025 Apr 12; Accepted 2025 Nov 21; Collection date 2025.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Conclusions Women had a fourfold higher incidence of acute pyelonephritis than men, with a decreasing trend over the study period.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.