Global, regional, and national temporal trend in burden of chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

In 2021, high-income North America showed the highest ASR of incidence and prevalence for CRDs and asthma, while South Asia and Oceania recorded the highest incidence and mortality for COPD; the ASIR for CRDs decreased in 19 regions, notably in high-income Asia Pacific, but increased for COPD in nine regions, with significant increases in North Africa and Middle East, while ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis showed an increasing trend in 17 regions, particularly in Australasia, and declining trend in four regions, mostly in Eastern Europe.

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