Deer impact seedbanks and plant communities over 18 years of post-agricultural succession.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12725539 · PMID 41433261

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0750

boldest claim

The sentences

close to significanceP = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

(orchardgrass), associated with the control treatment, was close to significance (P = 0.06).

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marginally significantP = 0.075so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Across the entire study period, deer reduced seedbank abundance by 14%, relative to the exclosure plots, but this effect was marginally significant (F 1, 29 = 3.4, P = 0.075).

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highly significantno p-value reported

This finding suggests increasing divergence between the deer exclosure treatments, as also suggested by the highly significant PERMANOVA.

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