Bacterial gene 5' ends have unusual mutation rates that can mislead tests of selection.

If we consider the trends being predicted by nucleotide content as being a “success”, then this pattern (16 successes, 1 fail) is highly significant (binomial test P -value = 0.00028).

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There is no evidence for a positive trend overall and, if anything, the trend is the reverse of that predicted ( Fig 4B ).

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