Effect of intraarticular drug injection in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders with limited mouth opening: a system review and network meta-analysis.

J Oral Facial Pain Headache · 2025 · PMC12727178 · PMID 41436108

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borderline significanceno p-value reported

Similarly, the borderline significance of MA over glucocorticoids (GC) in pain reduction (MD = −2.42, 95% CI: −4.89 to 0.05) aligns with evidence that GCs exert short-term anti-inflammatory effects, whereas MA’s stromal vascular fraction promotes tissue regeneration through paracrine signaling [ 33 ].

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