highly significantp < 0.001
The alternative-specific constants showed strong preferences for selecting either action scenario over the opt-out option: ASC_A (β = 2.44) and ASC_B (β = 2.15) were both highly significant ( p < 0.001), while the no-choice alternative was strongly disfavoured (ASC_NC = −4.60, p < 0.001), confirming that participants were highly motivated to choose between scenarios rather than avoid the decision altogether.