Bystanders witnessing social exclusion exhibit reduced physiological responses of empathy: an EEG study.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12728047 · PMID 41450679

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Considering the marginally significant interaction ( p = 0.06) and the exploratory nature of investigating bystanders’ roles in prosocial intervention, we conducted a comparison examining the condition effects within each task type.

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