highly significantp < 0.001
Paired-sample analyses confirmed that these orientation differences were highly significant (T IQR : t(287) = 23.11, p < 0.001; T OPR : t(287) = 21.46, p < 0.001; C IQR : t(287) = 14.15, p < 0.001; C OPR : t(287) = 16.96, p < 0.001), indicating a pervasive side-to-side heterogeneity in trunk and canopy thermal regimes ( Figure 3 ).