Equity of total health expenditure in China, 2015-2021.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12739109 · PMID 41444354

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The percentage of out-of-pocket health payments showed a decreasing trend, with a minimum value of 26.33% in 2021.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The percentage of social health expenditure showed an increasing trend overall, reaching a maximum value of 47.10% in 2021.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.