highly significantp < 0.001
After adjusting for key clinical variables including age, IDH status, and MGMT status, the LRGS remained a highly significant independent prognostic risk factor in all three CGGA cohorts (CGGA-301: HR = 2.64, p < 0.001; CGGA-693: HR = 1.66, p < 0.001; CGGA-325: HR = 2.51, p < 0.001) (Fig. 3 G-I).