Sequential aerosol and oral immunization with a bivalent H9N2/H5N2 vaccine protects against H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza challenges.

NPJ Vaccines · 2025 · PMC12748992 · PMID 41309635

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a notable trendno p-value reported

However, a notable trend towards reduced H5N1 shedding and lower virus titers was observed in the bivalent MLV prime-boost vaccine group compared to the WIV-adj-H9N2-H5N2 vaccine group, particularly in oropharyngeal samples between days 3 and 5 post-challenge.

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