The electrical conductivity of the nanofluids increased proportionally with the concentration of charged nanoparticles (see Supporting Information, Figure S4 ), following an expected trend consistent with Maxwell’s model that describes the electrical conductivity of suspensions containing charged nanoparticles. , This consistency supports the reliability of the electrical conductivity measurements obtained for EV-based nanofluids in this study.
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Electrical Conductivity of Nanofluids Containing Small Extracellular Vesicles.
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