Cryogenic Fracture Dynamics in Coal: Crack Initiation and Propagation Mechanisms Induced by Liquid CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition.

Substituting the temperature difference yields the temperature stresses of 0.97, 1.38, 1.57, 1.70, and 1.92 MPa when the injection temperature decreases from 10 to −10 °C, and the temperature stress increases from 0.97 to 1.92 MPa, which is an increase of 97.94%; the peaks of induced crack extension are 9.27, 8.9, 8.63, 8.55, and 8.30 MPa, and the peak expansion value decreased from 9.27 to 8.30 MPa; the peak expansion value of induced cracks showed a decreasing trend, with a decrease of 10.5%; since the peak expansion value of induced crack pressure includes temperature stress, it can be seen that the proportion of temperature stress is 10.46, 15.51, 18.19, 19.88, and 23.13%.

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