highly significantP < 0.00001
Total physical activity (TPA) The meta-analysis of eight studies showed that mHealth interventions produced a moderate and highly significant improvement in TPA among pregnant women (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.57, P < 0.00001), with very low heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), indicating good consistency and robustness of the results (Fig. 4 ).