The role of moderating variables in the relationship between health literacy and healthy living awareness among health program students: a cross-sectional study.

The interaction coefficient was negative and marginally significant (β = −0.378, t = − 1.97, p = 0.050), indicating that as snacking frequency increased, the positive effect of health literacy on healthy lifestyle awareness weakened.

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Snack frequency was the only significant moderator ( p = 0.048); however, its borderline significance suggests the effect may be limited.

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