Understanding of ironic and literal utterances in 4-9-year-old typically developing children: role of age, narrative skills, emotion comprehension and executive functions.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12753986 · PMID 41479982

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

A full-null model comparison was marginally significant [χ 2 (9) = 16.69, p = 0.054], indicating that including the target factors showed an improvement in the fit over the age-only model.

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