highly significantp < 0.001
Phase 2: psychometric evaluation Construct validity: EFA Prior to EFA, data suitability was confirmed: the KMO measure was 0.86 (acceptable > 0.7), indicating adequate sampling correlations, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was highly significant (χ2 = 2845.67, df = 666, p < 0.001), rejecting the null hypothesis of an identity matrix.