HOES: an efficient multi-evolutionary expert system for deep learning model optimization in time series prediction.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12774913 · PMID 41407749

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practically significantno p-value reported

The effect sizes (1.48–3.64%) align with the observed reductions in RMSE/MAE, demonstrating that HOES’s improvements are both statistically and practically significant.

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