Understanding the cognitive cost of multimedia learning: effects of visual load and language proficiency.

Cogn Res Princ Implic · 2026 · PMC12775221 · PMID 41493539

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hedged sentence

0.0080

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.0080

boldest claim

The sentences

a positive trendp = 0.008actually significant

While a positive trend was observed in the control condition, we noted negative tendencies in the multimedia conditions, with a significant association in M1 ( t (109.80) = − 2.68, p = 0.008).

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