Mortality trends in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 27 countries within Europe from 2011 to 2021.

BMJ Open Respir Res · 2026 · PMC12778345 · PMID 41494695

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

3 4 Across Europe, previous studies have reported a decreasing trend in mortality rates from 1990s to 2010, 5 6 likely reflecting the public health initiatives targeting smoking cessation and advancements in therapeutics.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.