highly significantp < 0.01
Statistical significance was defined as ∗p < 0.05, with highly significant differences denoted as ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 SF’s multifaceted effect on ECM 3.1.1 Promotion of collagen and elastin Type I collagen, characterized by its thickness and rigidity, forms a network structure supporting the skin.