Bioengineered extracellular vesicles escape lysosomal degradation and deliver Tet-PKM2 for macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming and periodontitis treatment.

Bioact Mater · 2026 · PMC12808913 · PMID 41551772

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The CCK-8 results showed an increasing trend in cell growth in all the tested groups, indicating that the bioengineered EVs elicited no obvious toxic effects on cell viability ( Fig.

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