A study on the association between smoking, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in patients with chronic periodontitis based on biomarkers: a meta-analysis.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2025 · PMC12813097 · PMID 41561951

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

may be significantno p-value reported

There may be significant differences in the age distribution, gender ratio, racial composition, and smoking habits (such as smoking duration and daily smoking quantity) among different studies.

also in 13,097 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.