Stealth replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in the nasal epithelium at physiological temperature.

Fluorescence quantification showed that Omicron BA.1 was the most efficient at inducing cleaved caspase-3 at both temperatures ( P < 0.05 in both cases), while Delta showed a nonsignificant trend for increase as compared to the D614G and Wuhan strains ( Fig. 3B and C ).

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Using high-sensitivity immunoassays ( 32 , 39 ), we detected an induction of both type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3) IFNs between D2 and D4 at 37°C, with a positive trend for all the variants tested ( Fig. 8A , top row).

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