Natural products targeting the immune-metabolic regulatory network in pulmonary hypertension: mechanisms, classification, and therapeutic prospects.

Front Pharmacol · 2025 · PMC12824024 · PMID 41585867

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Although the mortality rate and disability-adjusted life years showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021, the incidence and prevalence continue to rise due to population growth and aging, and the ASIR is projected to increase to 0.57 per 100,000 population by 2050 ( Huang et al., 2025 ; Leary et al., 2025 ; Liu et al., 2025 ).

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