Thirty-one-year trends in diarrheal mortality and disability-adjusted life years attributable to lack of handwashing facilities.

Trop Med Health · 2026 · PMC12829192 · PMID 41547854

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

West Africa exhibited the highest YLL rate (758 (107.75–1378.46) per 100,000), whereas high-income North America had a YLL rate of 0.23 (0.02–0.53) per 100,000 but showed an increasing trend (+ 3.46 (2.28–4.65)), consistent with the mortality data.

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