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Enhanced Educational Optimization Algorithm Based on Student Psychology for Global Optimization Problems and Real Problems.

Biomimetics (Basel) · 2026 · PMC12839080 · PMID 41589987

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported
Although the single-strategy variants improve performance to some extent (e.g., ESPBO-S2 still shows a decreasing trend after 400 iterations in the F11 function compared to the standard SPBO), they still suffer from the defect of weak exploration ability in the early stages.

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