AI at the Bedside of Psychiatry: Comparative Meta-Analysis of Imaging vs. Non-Imaging Models for Bipolar vs. Unipolar Depression.

Between-study heterogeneity was substantial (I 2 = 86.5%, τ 2 = 0.323), with a highly significant Q-test (Q = 36.96, df = 5, p < 0.0001), indicating that variability across studies reflects genuine differences rather than sampling error alone.

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