Age-Dependent Effects of Heavy Metals on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis-Related Hormones in Men.

Toxics · 2026 · PMC12846245 · PMID 41600604

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

SHBG showed a decreasing trend from age group 3–11 to 12–19, and did not significantly change from 12–19 to 20–49, whereas it increased from 20–49 to 50–80.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

While EST and ES1 show an increasing trend for the whole age span, they maintain stability from age groups 20–49 to 50–80.

also in 63,971 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.